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Beneficiation Process for Magnetite

Beneficiation Process for Magnetite

6.3.1        Low-Intensity     Magnetic    Separation     Process

Low-intensity   magnetic   separation   process   is   applicable   for   magnetite   or   vanadium-titanium magnetite,with  the  magnetite  being  the  main  recovery  object.This  process  is  characterized  by comminution  to  a  proper  size,a  three-stage  roughing  separation,and  a  one-stage  cleaning.Wet low intensity magnetic separators involving counter-current or counter-rotation types are commonly used  for  roughing,and  magnetic   separation   columns  are  used  as  cleaners.Dewatering  tanks   are always used before magnetic separators to reject nonmagnetic slimes.In the case of the ores with coarse particle size or high iron content,continuous grinding &low intensity  magnetic   separation   process   is   recommended,for   example,if  the   run-of-mine   ore   is crushed   and   ground   to   a    size   larger   than   0.2-0.3mm.In   the   case   of   the   ores   with    fine dissemination  or  low  head  grade,stage-grinding  separation  process  is  necessary,that  is,rougher is  used  to  reject  parts  of  the  tailings  after  the  primary  grinding  and  reduce  the  workload  of subsequent   grinding   and   separation.Fine   screening   is   often   used   to  return  the   oversized  to regrinding.

Fig.6.1(a)shows    a     stage-grinding    separation    process     once    applied     to    the    magnetite production   in   Anshan   Benxi   and   Jidong   areas.Demagnetization   is   to   prevent   magnetic agglomeration  from  affecting  classification  effect  and  avoid  over  grinding.Pre-magnetization  is  to reduce  fine  ore  loss.Mechanical  classifier  is  always  used  for  >0.1mm  and  hydrocyclone  for <0.1mm.The   content    of   -200M    accounting    for   95%is    equivalent    to   0.074mm.Fig.6.1(b)is an   improved    lowsheet   of   Fig.6.1(a)including    three-stage    of   grinding    and   four-stage    fine screening,which  increased  the   concentrate  grade  from  62%-63%to  over  65%.

(a)                                                                                                    (b)

Fig.6.1     Stage-grinding     separation     process

(a)stage-grinding separation process in Anshan;(b)improved stage-grinding separation process in AnshanThe fine screens operated at high frequency serve to prevent the oversized locked particles from going  into  the  cleaning  operation  and  influencing  the  grade  of the  final  product.These  oversized particles    are     reported     into     the     overflow     of    the     hydrocyclone     because     of    equal     settling.They     contain  only     small      amounts      of     magnetite,but      are      always     recovered      into      the      concentrate.The     fine      screen

helps to discard these particles or return them to regrinding operations,and thus improve the grade of  the   undersized   materials.The   screening   efficiency   influences  the  performance  of  the   fine screens.The high-frequency fine screens in use involve MVS series developed by Tangshan Lukai Technology          Co.,Ltd.,GPS           type           developed           by           Changsha           Research           Institute,gyx31-1007 developed     by      Guangzhou     Nonferrous      and     Derrick      high-frequency     vibrating      screen      from     US.

6. 3.2        Combination     Process     of     Low-Intensity     Magnetic     Separation     and Reverse     Flotation

In view of the difficulty in improving the grade of some iron ore concentrates and the high content of  impurities   such   as    SiO₂in   iron    concentrates,the   combination   processes    of   low-intensity magnetic  separation  and  reverse  flotation  have  been  developed  in  recent  years,where  reverse

flotation is used to upgrade the magnetic concentrate.

The  reverse  flotation  can  be  carried  out  with  cationic  or anionic  collectors.

In   the   case   of   cationic   reverse   flotation,mixed   amine   or dodecylamine  is  always  used  as  the  collector  of  the  gangue minerals  such  as  silicate  and  carbonate,and  soluble  starch  is used  to  selectively  depress  iron  minerals.The  dosage  of  amine and   starch    is    about    100g/t   and    over    1000g/t,respectively.  Ammonium    sulfate     can    be    used     where    necessary     for    desulfurization by   depressing    pyrite.For   example,Kuandian    Concentrator   in Liaoning Province uses cationic collector in the reverse flotation of  poor  magnetite  with  the  flowsheet  and  reagent  conditions shown   in   Fig.6.2.In   the   case   of  high   hardness   and   pH   of circulating  water,hydrochloric  acid  or  sulfuric  acid  can  be  used to  adjust  the  pH  of  the   pulp,as  is  the  case  in  the  reverse flotation of roasted magnetite in Jiuquan Iron  and Steel Co.,Ltd.

The  cationic  reverse  floatation  has  the  advantages  of  single reagent    regime,low    slurry    temperature(above    25     degrees),  and  neutral  pulp.But   it   also   has   the   disadvantages   such   as sticky foam which is not conducive to the next process,and poor selectivity which results in relatively high content of SiO₂in iron concentrate  and  unstable  index.The  reagents  may  also  result  in severe corrosion for the rubber.

Fig.6.2    Combination    process     of

low-intensity    magnetic     separation

and  reverse  flotation  of

Kuandian     Concentrator

The  reverse  flotation  can  involve  several  roughing,cleaning  and  scavenging  operations.The froth  can be  concentrated  and reground,then  treated by magnetic  separation  to reject tailings  and return to reverse flotation.

Compared  with  the  cationic  reverse  flotation  process,the  advantages  of  the  anionic  reverse flotation     process     are     that     the     froth     is      not     sticky,the     index     is     relatively      stable,and     basically     does

not  corrode  the  rubber.The  disadvantages  are  that  more  kinds  of  reagents  are  necessary,higher pulp    temperature    is    required(above    30℃),and     the    alkaline    pulp    is    beneficial     to    the transportation of the concentrate pipeline.The alkaline pulp is harmful for filtration and thus acid treatment is needed before filtration.

In  the  anionic  reverse  flotation,MZ-21and  MH-80  can  be  used  as  the  collector,NaOH  as regulator  of  pH,starch  as  depressant  of  the  gangue,and  Ca0  as  the  activator.The  dosage  of  the collector   can   be   several   hundreds   of   grams   per   ton   and   added   into   roughing,cleaning   or scavenging operations  separately.The  dosage  of NaOH  and  starch  is  over  1000g/t,and  CaO  about 400g/t.

A  typical   flowsheet  of  anionic  reverse   flotation  is   shown   in  Fig.6.3,which  involves  one rougher,one    cleaner,and    three    scavengers,with    each    middling    returning    to    the    previous operation  in  sequence.

Tailings

Fig.6.3   Reverse   flotation   process   with   one   rougher,one   cleaner,and   three    scavengers

6.3.3    Whole     Magnetic     Separation     Process

Most  of  the  magnetite  concentrators  have  traditionally  used  the  conventional  drum  magnetic separator as the cleaning equipment.Although a lot of technical improvements have been made in the  aspects  of  specifications,ore  feeding  methods,tank  structure,etc..The  selectivity  is  not  high enough due to the strong magnetic agglomeration,resulting in the entrainment of magnetic and non

-magnetic  particles.The  w(SiO₂)content  is   often  more  than   6.5%.The  whole  magnetic  separation  process  is  a  combination  of  various  new  magnetic  separation equipment,among    which    the    typical    ones    involve:magnetic     column,fine    high    -frequency vibrating   screen,magnetic    ield   screening    separator,magnetic   agglomeration    gravity   separator,  demagnetizer,etc.,which    greatly    improve    the    progress    of   magnetic    separation    technology compared  with  the  traditional   low  intensity  magnetic   separation   equipment.Compared  with  the  reverse   flotation,the   whole    magnetic    separation    process   highlights    simple    process,reliable process,low  investment,short  construction  period,low  operating  cost,no  environmental  pollution and other advantages.It can get good index  for  finely  disseminated magnetite.

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